How to keep clean the Windows desktop

Tip: Click picture to enlarge it.
When I see a desktop overcrowded with icons of files, folders, shortcuts and other stuff, I always admire the desktop owner’s skills in finding a wanted item in that mess. But my approach is different. I like to keep my desktop clean as well as my folders and files ordered. If you are a person like me, this article may help you to organize your desktop.

My desktop contains only 5 items, generated by the system after successful installation. Those are My Documents, My Computer, My Network Places, Recycle Bin and Internet Explorer. Sometimes I may add one or more folders containing links of my current project.


My taskbar contains only the running tasks, the language bar and the notification area. The notification area is the part of the taskbar where the current time is displayed. There is another part of the taskbar containing icons of frequently used application. This bar is called quick launch bar and located next to Start button. I usually turn it off in order to save more space for tasks. I place the quick launch bar along with other items into set of toolbars on the top of the desktop. Both the taskbar and the set of toolbars disappear from the desktop when they are not used.

There are software applications meant for desktop organizing. If you search the Internet for ‘desktop organizing software’, you can find plenty of them. You can download and use any of them, just take into account that any software application requires not only some maintenance work, but some resources of your computer. This type of software should remain in memory all the time while the computer is turned on, which means it always takes some memory and processor’s time.

What I’m going to show you is to organize your desktop using only system tools without a third party application. The key idea here is to move icons from desktop and taskbar to toolbars. Every Windows user is familiar with the desktop and the taskbar. Only lesson you have to learn here is how to deal with toolbars.


How to create toolbars?

  1. Right-click an empty area on the taskbar. If the taskbar is locked, unlock it clicking Lock the Taskbar item (the item should be unchecked).
  2. If the quick launch bar is displayed on the taskbar go to step 4, else right-click an empty area on the taskbar and select Toolbars item, then click the Quick Launch item. 
  3. The quick launch bar appears next to the start button.
  4. Drag the quick launch bar from the taskbar and drop it on the top of the desktop. 
  5. Right click an empty area of the newly created toolbar and select Toolbars item, then click Desktop item. 
  6. The Desktop toolbar appear on the right side.
  7. Move the new toolbar to the left close to the previous toolbar and uncheck Show Text and Show Title items.
  8. Now there are two toolbars on the top of the desktop.
  9. Till now we have selected 2 toolbars from the list of existing toolbars. Now we are going to create new toolbars. For that we have to create some folders containing shortcuts for new toolbars. If you do not know how to create a new folder and shortcut refer to the Windows Help. First we create some folders. Let’s create a folder and its subfolders as shown in below picture.


    You can name your subfolders differently. Just keep in mind that every subfolder is the base for a toolbar.

  10. Now let’s create shortcuts in My Tools subfolder as shown below.


    We can copy these shortcuts from Start menu or create them anew. This is just an example. You can create any shortcut to any file, folder or application. If you do not know how to create a shortcut, refer to the Windows Help.

  11. Right click an empty area of the newly created toolbar and select Toolbars item, then New Toolbars… item.
  12. Expand folders and select My Tools, then press OK.
  13. The My Tools toolbar appears on the right side.
  14. Now repeat the step 7 in order to get new customized toolbar.
  15. Create as many toolbars as you need repeating above steps. At the end you can set some additional options, like Always on Top and Auto-Hide.
  16. Right-click an empty area on the taskbar. Lock the taskbar clicking Lock the Taskbar item (the item should be checked).


Conclusion
The above steps are just an example of creating and using toolbars. You may need more or less steps depending on your goals. You can place toolbars on the right or the left side of the desktop. Also, you may set some options differently to make your toolbars look as you like. Create your own toolbars and keep your desktop clean!

The soul of the computer

It is nice to work on a computer. With a light movement of the mouse I can make it do what I want: launch a program, connect to Internet, print a report and much more. I may well become proud that everything happens according to my plan and my will, but my IT-experience prevents me from that feeling. I have to pay tribute to someone behind the scenes, who is handling the necessary tasks for each of my mouse-clicks. It is the Operating System.

What is the operating system? This is the main program that controls a computer. Since it is very complex and consists of a huge set of interrelated programs, it is called a system.  And as this system operates with all other parts of the computer, it is called the Operating System, abbreviated as OS.

The operating system is a critical part of the computer. A computer without an operating system would be a simple shell of possibilities and no more. After power on that computer typically issues diagnostic messages, and then displays a request to insert a disc with the OS. This is the end of its mission, and nothing more possible.

The computer becomes fully functional only after the installation of an operating system. Typically, computers come preloaded with the operating system. Personal computers come with Microsoft Windows, Macintosh computers come with Mac OS X, and IBM mainframes AS/400 come with OS/400. Many corporate servers use Linux or UNIX operating systems. When we buy a computer, usually everything is installed, and we only have to turn it on.

When we turn on the power to a computer, first runs a set of instructions that stored in the computer’s permanent memory. This code checks the system hardware to make sure that everything is working properly. This procedure is called power-on-self-test (POST). It checks the processor, memory and basic input / output system (BIOS) for errors and stores the result in a memory location.

Upon successful completion of POST, this program will begin to activate the computer's disk drives. At this stage the program loads the first part of the operating system, which has a single function: it loads into memory the remaining part of the operating system and turns control of the computer over to the operating system. Since then the computer is under control of the operating system, and we have our familiar desktop where we usually work.

The operating system is responsible for translating commands issued with a keyboard and mouse into binary code (010110101 stuff) to communicate with a set of hardware and software so that the computer behaves flexibly and predictably. The tasks of the operating system, in the most general sense, are divided into six categories:
    •    Processor management;
    •    Memory management;
    •    Device management;
    •    Storage management;
    •    Application interface;
    •    User interface.

There are many books on operating systems. Various books classify these tasks in different way, but these six tasks define the basis of nearly all operating systems.

Thus, only after running of the operating system, computer revives and becomes obedient. If we compare the computer with a living creature, the operating system would be the soul and intelligence of that creature.


Why are computers so adaptable?

Nowadays computers are used in every area of human activity: business, art, architecture, medicine, education and everywhere. Such wide distribution happened thanks to the flexible architecture of computers.

A modern computer consists of two parts: hardware, meaning physical devices and software, meaning programs and data stored in digital form. The term software often means software application, i.e. computer programs only and we will use it in this sense. The computer hardware can perform a specific set of commands. The computer software is combination of the hardware commands to operate the hardware in proper way.

Software plays a crucial role in the functioning of the computer. All computer wonder-works that still surprise us mostly are just well-written software applications. If we were think of a computer as a living being, then the hardware would be the physical body, and the software would be the intelligence that controls this body.

Software controls a computer from beginning to end. When a computer powers on, the internal self-test program starts. It tests if the computer hardware is working properly and displays diagnostic messages. We can view these messages on the black background of a screen during boot process.

After a successful self-testing, actual boot process of an operating system (OS) starts. The operating system is the root of the computer software and consists of a large set of individual programs. These programs are called modules and are designed to perform specific tasks on a computer. The most common OS are the Windows family (XP, Vista, 7, 2003) of operating systems developed by Microsoft, the Macintosh operating systems developed by Apple and the UNIX family of operating systems, which have been developed by a whole history of individuals, corporations and collaborators.

Any software application running under OS is a tool designed to perform a specific job. It can replace the writer’s pen, the artist’s pencil, the accountant’s calculator and etc., most of the traditional tools of many trades. For example, there are software packages designed for book publishing, graphical designing, book-keeping and many other trades. Such packages are not part of the OS and should be obtained separately.

If we need a software application that is not part of the OS, e.g. an application to manage personal finances, we can search the Internet for it. The web contains huge amount of free and commercial software. Of course, first we have to look for free software. There are whole communities, who write very reliable free software. Also, even commercial software, i.e. paid software, in some cases, has a free version with less features, or a trial version that works for a short time.

But sometimes we still need buy some software. In such cases, usually, the buyer gets along with the bought software, extensive support package from the manufacturer or its agent.

What if the desired software is nowhere? In this case, the software can be ordered. Many companies and individuals are engaged in the software development on request. Some sites on the Internet bring customers and developers together. In these sites the customer can announce a tender for software development, and developers can take part in the tender that gives customers more choices.

Thus, software is created and exists separately from the hardware. The software can be easily copied, moved to other computers, configured to user needs, or just redone. No need to upgrade hardware in order to add anti-virus functionality, just install anti-virus software. That flexibility and portability of the software makes computers easily adaptable in all spheres of human activity.